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The Accountability Ledger
Follow the evidence.
Follow the response.
155 source-linked register entries. Open an entry for every preserved occurrence, the outcome as recorded, source references, and linked corrections.
These entries preserve the research archive’s evidence labels. They have not all been independently reverified in this edition. An allegation, settlement, rejected claim and finding remain different outcomes.
Puerto Rico’s court-ordered mental-health procedures
Puerto Rico, Ley 408-2000 (as amended)
Any citizen over 18 with "reasonable basis" may petition the Court of First Instance (form OAT 1248/1964) for a temporary detention order of up to 24 hours for team evaluation, then court-ordered involuntary admission for up to 15 days, renewable; the petition must…
Read the recordBelarus: punitive psychiatric treatment documented after 2020
Belarus, 2020–2025
Viasna counts at least 33 (Apr 2025) and 37 (Nov–Dec 2025) people sentenced to compulsory treatment among 7,840 political sentences; at least 21–25 still confined; one documented case: Matvei Bialyai, who struck the Government House doors with a hammer on 3 Mar 2021…
Read the recordMukhortova: a lawyer’s complaints and repeated confinement
Kazakhstan (Balkhash), 2009–2013
Lawyer Zinaida Mukhortova and three colleagues complained to the President in Sept 2009 that MP Nigmatullin had interfered in a civil case; a criminal case followed; a July 2010 forensic exam diagnosed delusional disorder; she was confined over eight months from Jan…
Read the recordWhen persistent complaints become a diagnostic category
Psychiatric nosology, 1879–present
The category fell out of use because, in the words of the standard account, it had been misused to stigmatize people pursuing valid grievances; Lester, Wilson, Griffin and Mullen revived attention in 2004 ("Unusually persistent complainants," BJPsych 184:352) and 2006…
Read the recordLeonard Roy Frank: commitment before California’s LPS Act
San Francisco, 1962–63
Leonard Roy Frank, 29, committed on a "paranoid schizophrenia" diagnosis and given about 50 insulin comas and 35 electroshocks; he later co-founded NAPA (Dec 1973) and edited The History of Shock Treatment
Read the recordThe survivor press that kept its own record
San Francisco / Berkeley, 1972–1986
Madness Network News founded 1972 by two women inmates of Agnews State Hospital, published to 1986; NAPA (Frank and Wade Hudson) organized protests that for a time stopped ECT in San Francisco; the movement began with the Insane Liberation Front (Portland, 1970)
Read the recordBerkeley’s vote to ban electroshock—and the legal challenge
Berkeley, Nov 1982
Coalition to Stop Electroshock (Ted Chabasinski, d. 6 Nov 2025) qualified Measure T; passed by a wide margin; the APA spent $15,000 against it; Chabasinski's argument was that California's ECT consent law was so laxly enforced a ban was needed
Read the recordWhat the Justice Department found in Alameda County
Alameda County, report 22 Apr 2021
US DOJ found constitutional and federal-law violations at John George Psychiatric Hospital and Santa Rita Jail, including placement of people with serious mental illness in restrictive housing, non-therapeutic suicide-watch conditions, and failure to provide…
Read the recordKern County: isolation on suicide watch
Kern County, 2010s
Hundreds placed each year in single cells 24 hours a day with no treatment and a yoga mat; a county official quoted calling it "punishment and humiliation"; one hanging inside a watch cell
Read the recordSanta Barbara’s jail safety cells
Santa Barbara County
Disability Rights California found inmates with mental illness held in windowless safety cells "three days at a time on a repeated basis," staff confirming placement was "not temporary"; the county called an outlier statewide
Read the recordSan Luis Obispo: a federal agreement on jail conditions
San Luis Obispo County, 2018–2021
Before disciplining a person with serious mental illness, staff must determine whether the conduct stemmed from illness; force and restraints "prohibited as punishment or retaliation"
Read the recordPsychiatric care in California immigration detention
California immigration detention facilities, 2025
Detainees receiving mental health care disciplined at a higher rate at some facilities; mental-health reviews not conducted before discipline or segregation; a facility failed to report
Read the recordSuffolk County: a suicide-watch verdict
Suffolk County, New York (E.D.N.Y.)
Statistical analysis showed people in disciplinary housing were more likely to be placed and kept on suicide watch after clinicians ordered release; the plaintiff remained longer than 96% of comparable inmates
Read the recordBias: probable cause ended the challenge to two holds
San Leandro / Alameda County, 14 and 23 May 2003; 9th Cir. 28 Nov 2007
A pro se litigant with a pending matter before a judge was placed on two § 5150 holds nine days apart by the same officer; the second application recorded her statement that she would kill herself if the judge ruled against her; she was examined and released the same…
Read the recordNguyen: the testimony behind a contested psychiatric hold
San Diego; S.D. Cal. 3:11-cv-02594; 9th Cir. No. 15-56996, 20 Mar 2017
After a bench trial the court found officers had probable cause under § 5150, used reasonable force, and — on the retaliation count — accepted the officers' testimony that the plaintiff's speech was not a factor in the decision to detain
Read the recordLeFay: the probable-cause dispute over a hold
Fresno; 9th Cir.
Hold imposed after the husband reported being "jumped on"; summary judgment for the officer on probable cause affirmed
Read the recordNieves: probable cause and a retaliation claim
US Supreme Court, Nieves v. Bartlett, 587 U.S. (2019)
Probable cause generally defeats a First Amendment retaliatory-arrest claim, with a narrow exception where similarly situated people not engaged in the speech are not arrested
Read the recordDahlia: a police whistleblower’s First Amendment claim
Burbank; 9th Cir. en banc 2013
Detective reported colleagues' abuse of suspects, was threatened, then placed on leave; en banc court overruled Huppert v. City of Pittsburg and held such disclosures can be citizen speech
Read the recordWho handles patients’ rights complaints in California?
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
Each county has a Patients' Rights Advocate (W&I § 5500 ff.) with "no direct or indirect clinical" role, who investigates complaints in LPS facilities and reports Denial of Rights and ECT data upward to the California Office of Patients' Rights (COPR), operated under…
Read the recordWhat California’s detention forms collect
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
DHCS's Involuntary Detentions Data Report series is built from three quarterly county forms: DHCS 1009 (conservatorships established), DHCS 1010 (admissions by § 5150 category, later retitled "Involuntary Treatment"), and a third form covering denial-of-rights reports.…
Read the recordThe reporting boundary: what the state’s data cannot show
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
Facilities report by county of admission, not county of origin; counties with joint agreements (Sutter/Yuba) are merged. Consistent counting of admissions. Cross-county holds (a common pattern when a person is taken from one jurisdiction to another facility) cannot be…
Read the recordWho can start Arizona’s evaluation process?
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
Statute and Arizona Supreme Court restatement (In re MH2023-004502, 258 Ariz.)
Read the recordArizona’s 2024 petition change: correcting the bill-version error
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
Session law (azleg.gov; bill text)
Read the recordArizona revises its court-ordered evaluation procedures
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
Session law (azleg.gov)
Read the recordAn extra day detained—and no reversal of the treatment order
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
JUDICIAL FINDING (In re MH 2006-002044, 170 P.3d 280 (App. 2007))
Read the recordWhen an objection to an incomplete evaluation is waived
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
JUDICIAL FINDING (In re MH 2009-002120 (App. 2010))
Read the recordA treatment order can expire before appeal
Worldwide register by region (Batch 2)
JUDICIAL
Read the recordArizona patients report retaliation after grievances
Arizona State Hospital, IOC annual report 2020
The statutory Independent Oversight Committee (A.R.S.-mandated) names as its "primary concern" that patients "have consistently voiced concerns over retaliation from some staff after filing grievances"; the IOC requested video of one retaliation incident and noted it…
Read the recordThe oversight minutes behind Arizona’s retaliation concerns
IOC annual report 2022-23 (1 Nov 2023) and public meeting 19 Oct 2023
"Many patients believe there is a risk of retaliation if they file" grievances; an anonymous letter traced to an active employee alleged fear of retaliation; at the October meeting the chair reported the committee reviewed nursing notes for a grievance case "to see if…
Read the recordArizona’s anti-retaliation legislation: text still to check
2023 session, SB 1444 (State Hospital; administration; oversight)
Legislation addressing ASH administration and oversight; press reports a provision forbidding staff retaliation, which the IOC called "a step in the right direction" needing more
Read the record